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Before the weighting adjustment described above, non-response bias was measured between early and late responses based on demographic and biofuel agreement statement variables using the independent samples t test (continuous variables) and the chi-square test (nominal variables).
Brachycephaly showed highly significant associations of single SNPs as well as three haplotypes spanning 296 kb (χ2 test, nominal p value (praw) = 9.47×10−13 and p value corrected for genome-wide search (pgenome)<2.0×10−4) (Figure 3).
Group comparisons were conducted using nonparametric tests (Mann-Whitney U test; nominal α = 0.05) for continuous data deviating from normal distributions, and chi-square (X2) analyses for nominal data (Fisher's Exact Test to determine significance).
Strong genome wide association was obtained using 31 cases for white spotting from 11 breeds and 31 controls from 14 breeds (χ2 test, nominal p value (praw) = 1.31×10−9 and permutated p value corrected for genome-wide search (pgenome) = 5.99×10−4) on CFA 20 at 24.88 Mb (MITF; 24.85 24.88 Mb) (Figure 2).
Chondrodysplasia was mapped using 18 cases (6 breeds and 3 crossbred dogs) and 27 controls (11 breeds and 4 cross bred dogs) to canine chromosome (CFA) 18 (χ2 test, nominal p value (praw) = 2.34×10−10 and p value corrected for genome-wide search (pgenome) = 1.5×10−4 on the basis of 100,000 permutations) (Figure 2).
Strong association (χ2 test, nominal p value (praw) = 2.89×10−11 and p value corrected by permutation testing (pgenome) = 2.0×10−4) was detected on CFA 3 at 70.2 Mb adjacent to the causative gene (SLC2A9; 72.2–72.4 Mb) (Figure 2).
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Four bovine bone specimens were tested (nominal size 5×6 ×6 mm3).
Statistical analyses performed: Exploratory one-way ANOVAs and chi-square tests; nominal and ordinal logistic regression.
If we use these three types of nominal to develop criteria for testing nominal types, we could then determine the nature of exit as a nominal.
A comprehensive code was established, which covered all current methods of verification, as e.g. component testing, nominal stress, structural stress, notch stress method as well as fracture mechanics assessment procedures.
On the other hand, NQO1 (NAD(P H dehydrogenase, quinone 1; EntrezGene ID: 1728), whose inactivating mutation has been associated with colon cancer in animal models and in human population studies [38], is markedly down-regulated in cancer samples (t-test nominal p-value = 2.4×10−6, 66.5% average reduction compared to control).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com