The test, formulated by researchers at Southampton University in southern England and developed at laboratories in Germany, Australia and the United States, will be carried out on urine and blood samples taken from athletes.
In the case of (Charlotte) Anita Whitney (Whitney v. California, 1927), a communist who had been convicted under a state criminal-syndicalism statute, he delivered a concurring opinion urging that penalties on speech be applied only if they met the "clear and present danger" (of inciting to admittedly illegal acts) test formulated earlier by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes.
Since the design criterion is a closed-loop test formulated in the controller parameter space, any control structure constraint is allowed, such as: low-order dynamic controllers, static output feedback controllers, decentralized control, etc.
The IPS test formulated by Im et al. (2003) is the extension of LLC test incorporating heterogeneity in the dataset under alternative hypothesis.
We selected a modified German short version [27] of the original "Profile of Mood States" [28], a standardized psychological test formulated to assess momentary mood states.
To succeed, they must establish that the classification used in the law fails the rational nexus test, which is a three-stage test formulated by the courts.
The test formulated requires the court to ask "whether the [decision-maker] could reasonably have come to [the] decision on the evidence before [it]".
The rational nexus test, also known as the doctrine of reasonable classification, is a three-stage test formulated by the courts to determine if the manner in which a law classifies a group of persons is discriminatory.
The presence or absence of capacity to decide on treatment was based on the two-stage test formulated in the Mental Capacity Act.
The model is expanded with a wider model structure by testing formulated hypothesis about the process.
