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Among the site variables tested, the results of correlation (Pearson correlation coefficients) and linear regression analysis between different carbon densities at depths of 0 50 cm and environmental factors are displayed in Tables 1 and 2. In addition, the results of a one-sample Kolmogorov Smirnov test for variables showed that all variables had normal distributions (Table S2).
Baseline and physiologic variables were compared by Student's t test for variables that were normally distributed and by Mann–Whitney U test for variables that were not normally distributed and by Chi-square test for qualitative variables.
Correlation analyses were performed using the Pearson test for variables following a normal distribution, and Spearman for nonparametric variables.
Inferential analyses for qualitative data were done using chi-squared test for differences between proportions and Fisher's exact test for variables with small expected numbers.
Associations between miRNA expression and clinical characteristics were assessed using the Fisher exact test for binary variables, and the Kruskal-Wallis test for variables with three or more categories.
The bivariate association of each variable with AD at any follow-up was examined applying χ2 test or Linear Trend test for variables with ordered categories, respectively (table 1).
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For continuous variables, differences between the groups were evaluated by using the unpaired Student's t-test for variables that were normally distributed or the Mann-Whitney U-test for variables that were not distributed normally.
Continuous variables were shown as mean ± SD and compared by performing the Welch's t-test for variables with normal distribution or the Mann–Whitney U-test for variables with skewed distribution.
For group comparisons (controls versus cases), independent T-test if normally distributed continuous variables, and Mann-Whitney U-test for variables with non-Gaussian distribution were utilized.
Student independent T-test was done to compare means of normally distributed variables and Mann–Whitney U-test for variables that are non-Gaussian.
Intergroup comparison was made using Independent-Samples t-test for variables showing normal distribution and homoscedasticity; otherwise, the Mann-Wilcoxon-test was used.
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