For instance, dune sand, crushed quarry sand, and sea-dredged sediments were incorporated in the formulation of sand concrete (El Euch Khay et al. 2010a, b, 2011; Ben Othmen et al. 2013) and RAP material were tested for usage in the formulation of cement-treated aggregates (El Euch Ben Saïd et al. 2014) and PCC (object of this paper).
To date, the biosensors have been tested for their usage in food, environmental, and human samples [3].
Plasma samples from 55 antiretroviral-treated patients tested for coreceptor usage with the Monogram Trofile Assay were sequenced with standard population-based approaches.
Using alignments from paired-end reads and a known isoform structure, IUTA first estimates the isoform usage for each gene in each sample from each group and then uses those estimates to test for differential isoform usage between two groups.
We applied DEXSeq [ 45] to test for differential exon usage in RNA-seq data.
The significance of the interaction (a test for alternative isoform usage McIntyre et al. 2006) was tested using an F test, followed by FDR correction.
These estimates are then used to test for differential isoform usage between the two groups for those genes with all isoforms sharing the same start site.
In a second step, IUTA uses the estimates from the first step to test for differential isoform usage in each gene between the two groups.
Tools that do not require isoform structures to test for differential isoform usage employ permutation tests to compare the alignments of sequence reads over the gene region in the two groups and provide an overall test for each gene.
Another method in this category, the chi-square test in [ 28], first utilizes the known isoform-structure information to identify regions that are unique to particular isoforms and uses the counts of the alignments in those unique regions to test for differential isoform usage.
