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To test for sampling bias, responder characteristics (age, sex, years in practice) were compared with the Ontario responses to the 2001 National Family Physician Workforce Survey [ 11].
A new test for sampling ignorability is proposed based on the Kullback Leibler information measure.
Feasibility tests using the Kaiser Meyer Olkin (KMO) test for sampling adequacy and Bartlett's sphericity test indicate the suitability of the variables for factor analysis, which can be found in Table 3.
Percutaneous core needle biopsy (CNB) is an accurate test for sampling breast lesions (Parker et al, 1994; Burbank, 1997; Liberman, 2000; Ciatto et al, 2006) and is increasingly replacing fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in breast diagnosis.
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The obtained Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test value for sampling sample adequacy was 0.788.
Figure 5 Details of wear scar after friction test for samples with flat and grooved surfaces.
The unpaired Student's t test for samples of unequal variances was used to calculate statistical significance.
Normal distribution was tested by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for sample sizes over 30 and Shapiro-Wilk if sample sizes were under 30.
To compare frequencies between the countries, between needed or preferred sources of information, and between different expectations we used the χ2 test for samples with more than five in each group and Fisher's exact test for smaller samples.
†Cochran-Armitage χ test for sample trend.
Our model used the correlation coefficient between ε 1 and ε 2 to test for sample selection bias.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com