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Training error vs. test error.
The test error started oscillating within small limits beyond 17-layered architecture.
We select 10-fold cross-validation (CV) with 10 times repeats as the resampling scheme to estimate the test error.
Employment of modulation/demodulation technique weakens test error so as to increase test precision.
However, on a final free recall test, error rates were comparable across conditions.
Only when the test error is as small as possible are validation data applied.
The architecture search was continued up to 24 layers DNN model where the test error remained same as the 17 layered network.
The error curve has a steeper reduction in test error with the increase in training dataset size in the DNN model compared to Random Forest models.
From the test error plot, it is obvious that the learning capacity of DNN models improves with the increase in the depth of the network.
Our best models achieve 9.1% test error for quantitatively predicting cycle life using the first 100 cycles (exhibiting a median increase of 0.2% from initial capacity) and 4.9% test error using the first 5 cycles for classifying cycle life into two groups.
Deep networks are usually trained and tested in a regime in which the training classification error is not a good predictor of the test error.
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