As mentioned previously, the main industries in Tokyo are tertiary industries which generate relatively less industrial waste than business waste.
On the other hand, the industrial composition effect of tertiary industries was close to neutral on CO2 emissions.
Accordingly, to increase environmental efficiency, it is necessary to shift to an industrial structure with a greater share of tertiary industries while increasing per worker GDP in tertiary industries.
The total industrial composition effect for primary, secondary, and tertiary industries was −18.8 Mt CO2 between 1990 and 1995, −15.8 Mt CO2 between 1995 and 2000, and −30.4 Mt CO2 between 2000 and 2005.
3.5 into consideration, in addition to avoiding investment in useless buildings and roads, the key to improving environmental efficiency of production activities at the regional level is to shift to an industrial structure with a greater share of tertiary industries while achieving greater value-added in tertiary industries (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry 2014).
To improve the environmental efficiency of production activities in the prefectures identified above, it is necessary to avoid excessive investment in social infrastructure and to shift to an industrial structure with a greater share of tertiary industries while increasing per worker GDP in tertiary industries.
As indicated in the figure, both primary and secondary industries exhibited negative industrial composition effects throughout the 15-year period from 1990 to 2005, whereas tertiary industries exhibited an overall positive effect throughout this period.
Similarly, the technical effects and industrial composition effects in secondary industries, electricity, gas, and water supply industries, and tertiary industries can be estimated as in Eqs.
Shanghai has a high urbanization level and is under industrial restructuring, in which backward production facilities are closed down and the development of tertiary industry is accelerated.
