As obstacle density increased, the territory size decreased.
In the fractal landscape, the territory size increased, decreased, and increased again as H increased.
We found no treatment effect on territory size, but foraging activity was 2 times higher in monocrop than control plots.
Nest success was lowest in grazed remnants and annual productivity was positively associated with territory size in the fragmented landscape.
Most species elicited a response to the 1000 m scale, which was greater than most species' reported territory size.
Our robust modeling results show that the road density index, defined as the ratio of road surface area to city territory size, is negatively correlated with PM10.
Introducing individual variation (within generations) in the territory size of breeding males (i.e., harem size) has only a minor effect on the results.
The causes and consequences of territory size have attracted considerable attention, but there has been relatively little research on optimal territory shape.
Territory size was largest in the ideal landscape while it was larger in the random landscape than in the fractal landscape.
Boundary conditions on arrival rate, territory size and transshipment probability in which the new policy outperforms a traditional periodical routing policy are derived.
In addition, we investigated the effect of the presence/absence of landscape components on the territory size distribution in the simulation.
