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We conclude that any region experiencing temperatures > −25 °C for a few hours a year and a water activity > 0.5 can potentially allow the replication of terrestrial microorganisms.
Landers carrying equipment for exobiological investigations require special consideration to reduce contamination by terrestrial microorganisms and organic matter to the greatest feasible extent.
The resistance of terrestrial microorganisms under the thermo-physical conditions of Mars (diurnal temperature variations, UV climate, atmospheric pressure and gas composition) at mid-latitudes was studied for the understanding and assessment of potential life processes on Mars.
Six Mars analog soils were created to simulate a range of potentially biotoxic geochemistries relevant to the survival of terrestrial microorganisms on Mars, and included basalt-only (non-toxic control), salt, acidic, alkaline, aeolian, and perchlorate rich geochemistries.
Results suggest that Mars soils are likely not to be overtly biotoxic to terrestrial microorganisms, and suggest that the soil geochemistries on Mars will not preclude the habitability of the Martian surface.
If Nozomi does crash, it won't be the first time that terrestrial microorganisms may have reached the martian surface.
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Chemodiversity in nature; including microorganisms, terrestrial plants, seaweeds, and marine organisms, offers a valuable source for novel bioactives.
Indeed, in highly anaerobic terrestrial environments, modern microorganisms have developed a strategy using electrically charged "nanowires" to transport their used electrons to mineral electron acceptors, such as iron oxides (El-Naggar et al., 2010).
The fact today is that Mars orbital environment includes orbiters and perhaps debris, and that its atmosphere and its surface include terrestrial compounds and dormant microorganisms.
Our review of 65 studies published since 2007 revealed that ENMs had adverse effects on terrestrial species, including soil microorganisms, plants, and earthworms.
Microorganisms in terrestrial subsurface environments are known to play a significant role in the biogeochemical cycling of elements including radionuclides by altering their speciation, solubility and sorption properties.
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