Our studies of astronaut health have provided unique insight into terrestrial disease processes and have yielded cutting-edge solutions for everyday health care.
We recommend further investigations to study the effects on human health, the spreading of vector borne diseases, terrestrial and marine ecosystems, the availability of fresh water, agriculture and energy systems.
Overfishing, land-based pollution, increasing sea surface temperatures, disease and terrestrial sediment runoff all contribute to the decline of overall reef growth.
However, previous studies on terrestrial influences on coral disease prevalence in the Indo-Pacific have not included direct measurements of water quality [20], [68].
The nature of spore release mechanisms among fungi has been investigated since the eighteenth century [1], and contemporary analysis of these extraordinary processes has implications for the fields of plant disease control, terrestrial ecology, indoor air quality, atmospheric sciences, veterinary medicine, and biomimetics [2] [6].
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of terrestrial and marine mammals.
More than 40% of California sea otter deaths are attributed to infectious agents, including some more typically associated with terrestrial animal and human disease, such as Toxoplasma gondii.
Broad ecological implications include the potential transmission of marine-based disease into terrestrial systems, the effects of marine subsidy on wolf-deer population dynamics, and the distribution of salmon nutrients by wolves into coastal ecosystems.
Wolf-salmon associations might have additional ecological implications, namely in disease ecology and terrestrial predator-prey dynamics.
