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The events A and B are said to be (stochastically) independent if P(B|A) = P(B), or equivalently if The intuitive meaning of the definition in terms of conditional probabilities is that the probability of B is not changed by knowing that A has occurred.
In this approach the probabilities of outcomes are expressed in terms of conditional probabilities.
An expression for the parent distribution in terms of conditional mean residual lifetime is provided.
The tool builds an algebraic specification described in terms of conditional equations.
We have already seen that there are strong systematic reasons for explicating independence in terms of conditional independence.
We first formulate Granger causality as the log-likelihood ratio in terms of conditional distribution, and then derive an efficient estimation procedure using conditional copula.
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After all, in "On Denoting" Russell cites approvingly Bradley's account of universal generalizations in terms of conditionals, even though he has decisively parted ways with Bradley's logic.
Ms. Keary said the two would be released, probably on Wednesday, after they had been fitted with electronic bracelets to ensure that they abided by the terms of the conditional release, which limits their travel.
Under the terms of his conditional reinstatement, Vick can sign with a team, join it in training camp and play in the final two preseason games, but will have to wait until Week 6 at the latest to play in regular-season games.
This already tells us that the fundamental value under uncertainty should be defined in terms of some conditional expectation.
We may describe it in terms of the conditional survival function, given an auxiliary gamma distributed random variable Z.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com