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The outcomes assessed were feasibility of referral for HIV testing, its effectiveness in terms of ascertainment of HIV status for TB patients and the initiation of ART in HIV-infected TB patients.
Sex differences in terms of ascertainment age, age at CVD onset, disease duration or BMI were assessed for statistical significance using a Welch t test for unpaired samples.
Although both these studies verified the increased risk of cancer in NF1, there are problems with this type of study in terms of ascertainment bias.
The included studies were broadly similar in terms of ascertainment of drug use and cardiovascular outcomes (table 2); they relied mainly on computerised diagnostic codes, pharmacy claims databases, and retrospective chart reviews.
Moreover, because of the retrospective design we were limited in terms of ascertainment of additional biological factors related to spontaneous abortion or fetal death that could be potential confounding factors that might have biased the results.
Our analysis is based on data from the nationwide Finnish Cancer Registry whose true completeness (in terms of ascertainment of both incident cases and follow-up status) is known to be very close to 100% (Teppo et al, 1994).
Similar(54)
An issue of bigger concern are the effects of the sampling scheme, both in terms of ancestry ascertainment and geographic distribution.
In terms of mortality ascertainment, deaths documented by 31 March 2011 may not represent the true number of deaths during follow-up.
In terms of data ascertainment, information constraints led to an incomplete determination of risk factors among the CHD deaths, and most missing risk factors were coded conservatively as absent (negative).
While there are clear limitations in terms of complete ascertainment of cancer medicines dispensing claims, our approach remains the best way of defining medicines exposure in whole of population studies.
Registries are one of the most accurate approaches in terms of case ascertainment and diagnostic detail, thus assuring reliability in estimating prevalence rates of CAs and a valid base of surveillance systems [ 23].
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com