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Exact(5)
The accuracy measured as "Positive Predictive Value" (PPV) in statistical terms is defined as the ratio TP/ TP+FP), where TP is the number of true positives and FP is the number of false positives [30], [31].
Next, the distance between two terms is defined as the cosine similarity of their document vectors.
In the earlier developed measures, the similarity of two GO terms is defined as the information content of their most informative common ancestor (MICA), indicating its specificity.
The semantic similarity between ontology terms is defined as: SS (t 1, t 2) = -ln p ms (t 1, t 2) where, p ms (t1, t2) is the probability of the minimum subsumer for terms t1 and t2.
The semantic similarity between two terms is defined as the IC of the lowest common ancestor (LCA) of the two terms and hence is obtained by: (6) S R e s n i k t A, t B = I C L C A t A, t B As an evaluation measure, the average of all pairwise term-to-term Resnik's similarities was applied for S θ(n) for each measure θ ∈ and defined as semantic similarity density of the set.
Similar(54)
The Excel files contain published and unpublished raw data, as well as a data dictionary where acronyms and terms are defined, as well as a set of published methods detailing how the study was performed.
The squared distance (5) can be written as, where the three terms are defined as (8).
Action terms are defined as act(ion) concepts (v(_{1})) to be realised as verb phrases (VPs).
Agent and Patient terms are defined as object concepts (s(_{1}) and p(_{1})) to be realised as noun phrases (NPs).
The significant GO terms were defined as having a P-value < 0.05 and an FDR < 0.05.
Over-represented GO terms were defined as having p ≤ 0.01 under Fisher exact test.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com