In line with this view, cell-type specification, axon pathfinding and targeting, and synaptogenesis have all consistently been shown to be under the control of genetically encoded programs, while axon terminal refinement and connectional specificity seem to be activity-dependent events [ 2].
Refinement of terminal arbors is controlled by neuronal activity (Moody and Bosma, 2005).
In addition to a role for hairy in refinement of the terminal cell fate through regulation of bnl expression in muscle cells, we also provide evidence that hairy and bnl act antagonistically to regulate terminal branch lumen length.
In this study, we demonstrate a novel function for hairy in refinement of the terminal cell fate to a single cell at the tip of the dorsal branch through restriction of bnl expression domains in muscle cells surrounding tracheal cells.
Examples include aim-point refinement for ballistic ordnance, terminal guidance for dual-mode missile seekers and laser communications.
The docking procedure consisted of rigid body docking of terminal core fragments, central loop closure, constrained all-atom refinement of the core segment, and extension of the core segment.
As you can see, this algorithm delays refinement for as long as possible by incrementally refining primitives when they are in a terminal node (and building a new tree for them), and by lazy evaluation of the tree.
This is because the refinement can only attempt to satisfy the local equation for each bond at every step and the refinement has no way of knowing that the terminal atom will ultimately have to move a total of 0.1 Å for every bond in the chain.
In addition to refinement of the TC fate, Hairy also restricts terminal branch lumen length.
A potential refinement would be to run tools on the user terminal in order that the collection could be uploaded in chunks.
During the final refinement steps TEW molecules were inserted into the electron density map by using a restraint file generated by phenix.reel and phenix.elbow from a previous crystal structure of TEW.[ 53] After refinement including the TEWs, large negative and positive densities appeared at some TEWs (especially at terminal oxygen atoms) with high B-factor values.
