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Common practice in pathology laboratories is to score ER-, PR-, and Ki-67-stained slides visually (also termed manually) using light microscopy at medium power magnification (10× or 20× objectives).
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"Google does not determine these terms manually - all of the queries shown in autocomplete have been typed previously by other Google users".
In this process, we performed searches in the MPO with the Mammalian Phenotype Browser for the exact phenotypic terms used in the NHGRI database, supplemented by MeSH terms manually collected for each human phenotype.
Diseases associated with UMLS terms not present in the UMLS Metathesaurus were mapped to MeSH terms manually by querying the MeSH database with the UMLS term.
In particular, we explore the use of MeSH terms, manually assigned to documents by trained annotators, as clues to select important text segments from the full text documents.
The two approaches permitted us to semi-automatically translate 3,776 FMA terms from English into French, this was to added to the existing 10,844 French FMA terms in the HMTP (4,436 FMA French terms and 6,408 FMA terms manually translated).
The first is curation effort or number of terms manually curated, which corresponds to number of terms in the TP and FP in our experiment, as they are the terms that the curator examines.
To provide the text-based pattern searching for facilitating related biological studies, the images in the Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project (BDGP) study are annotated with developmental stage term and anatomical ontology terms manually by domain experts.
Nevertheless, the two approaches permitted us to semi-automatically translate 3,776 FMA terms from English into French, this was to added to the existing 10,844 French FMA terms in the HMTP (4,436 FMA French terms and 6,408 FMA terms manually translated).
It would also increase the flexibility of the resulting model: while we currently select the primary annotation terms manually based on their popularity among genes in a given stage range, a simple threshold on the number of genes being annotated, together with an appropriate means of ranking terms, would allow to automatically partition the primary versus latent sets.
We made no distinction between reviewed (manually annotated, termed SwissProt) and unreviewed (automatically annotated, termed TrEMBL) proteins.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com