Exact(16)
The term "substance" is almost always synonymous with "chemical" and includes drugs, vitamins, pesticides, pollutants, and proteins.
Kant locates the equivocation contained in the argument in the use of the term "substance".
It is in this sense that, for Descartes, the term "substance" is used equivocally for God and created substances.
For short, we use in this paper the term "substance" always to mean "chemical substance", in the sense of IUPAC Gold Book definition, see below.
And yet, it would be a mistake to think of Ibn Gabirol as an Aristotelian in much of his use of the term "substance".
To confuse things, Ibn Gabirol does use the term substance in an at least somewhat Aristotelian sense when he talks of corporeal substance the substance which, a la Aristotle, receives the 9 categories.
Similar(40)
The ambiguity and difficulties of this diagnosis are reflected in a recent review where the authors suggest the alternative term "substance-associated psychosis" and state that there is a dearth of research that rigorously examines the validity of the diagnostic criteria across substances [ 101].
For example, the brain changes observed in long-term substance abusers are nearly identical to those seen in people struggling with obesity, porn aficionados, gamblers, internet "addicts", compulsive shoppers and simply those involved in intense romantic relationships.
The center, a collaboration of the Department of Correction and the Divisions of Probation and Parole, would provide short-term substance abuse and mental health treatment to nonviolent offenders, both men and women.
But what does he propose in place of anthropomorphic, anthropocentric belief in a transcendent creator God? Spinoza begins his Ethics by defining some basic philosophical terms: substance, attribute, and mode.
Descriptions of God and distinctions between the three Persons of the Trinity came to include, in an increasingly technical sense, the Aristotelian terms substance, essence, accident, form and matter, species and nature, quality, quantity, and property; these terms were not always used in a purely Aristotelian sense, however.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com