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The term personality has been defined in many ways, but as a psychological concept two main meanings have evolved.
A quote from Peter Tyrer was changed at his request to more accurately reflect the professor's commitment to destigmatising the term personality disorder.
Kernberg [ 5, 6] coined the term personality organization and initially distinguished three levels: Neurotic, borderline, and psychotic level of personality organization.
(p27) Note that the ICD-8/9 term "personality," borrowed from the writings of Karl Jaspers and Kurt Schneider, actually originated in nineteenth-century psychiatry and psychology, where it signified what we today tend to call the "self" or "subjectivity," and not the contemporary concept of personality, which refers to temperamental and habitual characterological dispositions.
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It's hard to use people's long-term personality traits to say anything meaningful about why the government is getting shut down this year, and not five years ago.
The concept of personality organization or, in other terms, personality structure stands for intrapsychic formations that represent a basis of the personality and determine a person's functioning in dealing with his or her own self and interpersonal relationships.
"In terms of ego development, in terms of character, in terms of personality, in terms of the well-rounded individual fitting in with the group, country schools are very efficient -- they helped train generations of Americans," added Professor Gulliford, author of the definitive book on the subject, "America's Country Schools" (University of Colorado Press).
(It has to be pointed out that the term borderline personality organization stands for a level of personality functioning and not for the nosological entity borderline personality disorder. However, borderline personality disorder usually occurs on a borderline level of personality organization).
Mark Zuckerberg was their opposite, not only in terms of personality, but in terms of worldview.
And did even psychiatrists use the term 'addictive personality' in the Fifties?
In 1958, the American Psychiatric Association used the term "sociopathic personality" to describe the disorder in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
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