The term "mandated science" refers to science that has been commissioned or undertaken in order to guide actions, decisions and policy.
First, the iERG has a limited term mandate (until 2015) and, unlike the Global Fund, is not firmly embedded in the global health governance structure.
"For policy makers with short-term mandates, it is sometimes more sexy to achieve something in a field that is more visible," he explains.
This is especially striking in the case of the large institutional investors with long-term mandates (including in Australia's superannuation industry) who see effective board-level management of environment and sustainability-related issues as a key proxy for governance, risk management and good long-term strategy.
Mathematics, translated into musical terms, mandates that twelve fifths must equal eight octaves, but in practice, if you tune pure fifths end on end twelve times, you end on a note that is almost the same, but perceptibly not, as that arrived at by eight octaves.
Mr. Hitt, like most political officials, has a short-term mandate.
Mr. Karimov repeatedly manipulated elections or referendums to extend his rule well beyond the two terms mandated by the Constitution.
Mr Milosevic wants him as a stooge in the job while switching real clout to the hitherto ceremonial presidency of federal Yugoslavia, which Mr Milosevic acquired this summer after his own two-term mandate as Serbia's executive president expired.
Had Mr. Clinton told Americans the truth -- that when the economic boom went bust we'd still have to face the challenges of a country concentrating more wealth and power in fewer hands -- he could have built a long-term mandate for change.
Henning, who has been with the Islanders for 22 years and who was the team's head coach in the 1994-95 season, has been given the short-term mandate of helping the Islanders regain their focus before Milbury hires a new coach.
Environmentalist Jonathon Porritt wrote in the Guardian last week that after years of working with oil companies, he is now convinced they will not adapt as a result of being trapped by a short-term mandate that leaves little room for maneuvering, such as shareholder expectations and "the staggering amount of economic value now at risk".
