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The biosurfactant product had high surface tension reducing activity (26 mN/m), a low CMC value (0.08%) and a yield of 4.5 gl-1.
The gas bag is composed of gas core, surface tension reducing membrane, high viscosity layer and high viscosity layer fixing membrane.
There is water layer outside of surface tension reducing membrane which is formed by hydration and association of surfactant hydrophilic end, it is called high viscosity layer because its viscosity is much higher than the continuous phase.
Error bars represent the standard deviation (n = 3) Table 2 Emulsification and surface tension reducing activity of the biosurfactant produced by different strains over a wide range of temperature Strain/organism Temp.
There is surfactant film which is called surface tension reducing membrane outside of gas core, and it can reduce the gas liquid interfacial tension and make the gas core accumulate energy.
The BS produced by the P. otitidis P4 showed excellent surface tension reducing capacity as it reduced the surface tension of the medium from 71.18 to 33.4 mN/m (Fig. 2a).
Similar(47)
With the addition of copolymers the interfacial tension reduces but the bending modulus increases.
Since a lower surface tension reduces the natural frequency, ethanol shows lower excited frequencies.
The surface tension reduced to 28mN/m suggesting the secretion of biosurfactants in the fermentation media (Thaniyavarn et al. 2008).
Mechanical loading is critical for flap survival: excessive tissue tension reduces blood supply and induces tissue necrosis.
Longitudinal cracking along the reinforcing bar due to transverse tension reduces the loading capacity as well as the fatigue strength.
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