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The past showed two innovations: (1) In the "strong" verb, Germanic transformed Proto-Indo-European ablaut into a specific tense marker (e.g., Proto-Indo-European *bher-, *bhēr-, *bhēr-, *bhṛ- in Old English beran 'bear,' past singular bær, past plural bæron, past participle boren).
In a typical European language, the lexical sense resides primarily in the stem and the grammatical information is found in affixes: washed from the stem wash- and the past tense marker -ed, and washer from the stem wash- and the agent-suffix -er.
Since the late 1960s, Gullah has been treated as a separate language, because it shares more structures with Caribbean English creoles (e.g., usage of bin as a past tense marker in he bin go ['he/she went'], or usage of he in the possessive function, as in he bubba ['his/her brother']).
Each verb is listed with its past tense marker, which is the second morpheme.
In Middle Tamil, this usage evolved into a present tense marker – – which combined the old aspect and time markers.
Beyond this basic structure, there is the nasal infix, a present tense marker, and reduplication, a sort of prefix with a number of grammatical and derivational functions.
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More generally, tense markers and tense morphology are claimed to be context-sensitive expressions.
They are non-salient and usually do not take aspect or tense markers; their main function is to link the location to the existent.
In the Western languages it is composed of the future stem (or infinitive) plus a past-tense marker related to reflexes of habēre.
Each of the three tense-aspect markers was apparently used as a participial formative (compare Finnish lähde from *läkte-k 'source,' lähtijä 'one who leaves,' lähte-vä from *-pa 'leaving'leaving
Turkish is an agglutinative language, in which the various parts of speech, tense and case markers are run together.
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