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Improvements that in the past were achieved after tens of generations by artificial selection can now be accomplished much more effectively and rapidly (within a single generation) by molecular genetic technology.
It can be noted that the convergence error is reduced to an acceptable value, starting from a few tens of generations.
A clone beginning with a single individual would drive a sexual population extinct in less than 50 generations, unless there are countervailing disadvantages to asexual reproduction that are manifested on the order of tens of generations.
Since molecular phylogeny studies suggest that many of the most common alleles at BRCA1 and BRCA2 arose as new mutations in the relatively recent (tens of generations) past (Slatkin and Rannala 2000), the prevalence of these apparently deleterious alleles and their persistence in the population raises some interesting issues.
A forest fire can kill tens of generations of trees, but the remaining ashes give good conditions for young trees, giving an uneven age distribution of pine.
Based on these results, Waples (1990) recommended that maintaining Nb = 100 in salmonid hatchery broodstocks per year would be sufficient to preserve most alleles for tens of generations.
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We extracted genomic DNA from the entire population after the 1st, 10th, and 20th generations of the selection and used gene-specific primers to quantify the chtB allele.
Research on Asian Americans shows that mental health utilization patterns among the 2nd generation or members of generation 1.5 are similar to those of 1st generation immigrants, and mental health utilization begins to increase among 3rd generation immigrants [ 17].
The report notes that iPad mini users consume only 80% of the downlink data consumed by 2nd and 3rd generations of iPads.
The remarkably increased potency in 2nd and 3rd generations of GSMs relies heavily on the increase of lipophilicity, which has been proved to result in off-targets, like hepatotoxicity [ 72].
By the late 20th century the company was being directed by 12th and 13th generations of the Beretta family.
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