Sub-functionalization and neo-functionalization allow spatio-temporal specialization and expansion of functionality, respectively, but it is usually difficult to draw a line between the two fates (He & Zhang, 2005).
By 1 month of age, human cortical circuitry is specialized for processing speech Specialization of left temporal cortex for speech entails a decreased response to non-speech sounds between 1 and 4 months.
Factors affecting individual foraging specialization and temporal diet stability across the range of a large "generalist" apex predator.
This left hemisphere dominance was, like in humans, also explained by its specialization for processing temporal cues (e.g. [13], [14], [23]).
The social organization of highly eusocial species of bees and wasps share several convergent characteristics, including prominent temporal polyethism, and division and specialization of tasks (O'Donnell and Jeanne, 1993).
The phoneme-specific specialization of the superior temporal cortex in perception, as well as that of a wide, prefrontal territory around Broca's area in production, are well-known, since quite a few seminal studies have explored the neural encoding of phonological competence5,6,7,8.
The PLL gene family is one of the largest and most complex in Arabidopsis, suggesting enormous potential for gene specialization through spatial or temporal regulation.
The proposed functional specialization of regions within temporal cortex is also supported by connectivity analyses, which revealed strong anatomical and functional links between pMTG and anterior aspects of LIFG (for a review, see Friederici 2009).
Although the complexity of the PLL gene family allows for enormous potential for gene specialization through spatial or temporal regulation, the high degree of overlap of activity among the PLL promoters suggests extensive redundancy.
Together, these have provided a large fundus of information on many different aspects of the human brain including micro- and macrostructural segregation, regional specialization of function, connectivity, and temporal dynamics.
