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These so-called "executive functions" (EF) include motor and interference inhibition, performance monitoring, cognitive flexibility, attention control, planning, decision-making, temporal foresight and working memory [ 4].
Steeper temporal discounting in the task has been associated with impulsiveness and is thought to reflect 'myopia for the future', i.e., problems with temporal foresight [ 29, 60].
Only one study tested for functional maturation of temporal foresight in a temporal discounting task where participants have to choose between an immediate but smaller reward and a larger but delayed reward.
The task measures the degree to which a reward is being subjectively discounted in proportion to the delay, thus quantifying the individual sensitivity to the timing/delay of a reward and the capacity of temporal foresight to understand the future gain of the delayed choice.
Many of these timing functions are essential to executive functions such as temporal foresight (crucial for planning and decision-making), time estimation and motor timing (underlying mature adult time management) and fine-temporal discrimination (important for speech/phoneme perception) [ 13, 14].
The functional maturation of timing functions is relatively understudied, despite consistent evidence for relatively late maturation of these functions [ 9, 11, 57] and the fact that they are essential for other late developing executive functions such as planning (temporal foresight), speech (time discrimination) and mature time management (motor timing and time estimation) [ 13, 14].
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When it first occurs, everything is temporal, everything is in the moment, so there is no foresight being utilized in a newly-widowed brain.
Such time series are essential for evaluating spatio-temporal patterns of climate change that are increasingly considered to be a driver of migration (Foresight 2011a; IOM 2008).
Perfect foresight.
Now, that's foresight.
Panic or foresight?
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com