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Our explicit temporal generalization task required overt estimation of the duration of an empty interval bounded by visual markers, whereas our temporal expectancy task presented visual stimuli at temporally predictable intervals, which facilitated motor preparation thus speeding target detection.
Results from the temporal generalization task helped establish the range of probes for the temporal expectancy task.
The difference threshold was therefore used as the step-size by which probes would be varied in the temporal expectancy task.
Moreover, in our experiment, temporal representations could be acquired implicitly in the temporal expectancy task, without any explicit instruction to encode time (see also [53]).
We hypothesized that tempo fluctuations would lead to violations of temporal expectancies [25], [34], [35] based on the perceived pulse [36] [41], and that temporal expectancy violations would be associated with emotional responses.
For each standard duration in the Temporal Expectancy task, three separate polynomial regressions were performed between group mean reaction times (RTs) across the 13 probe foreperiods (t) (Figure 3).
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Regularly timed stimulus sequences automatically compel attention, inducing temporal expectancies about future onsets.
The perception of pulse is thought to underlie the development of temporal expectancies [36], [41].
In the field of visual attention, Lamy [52] found that temporal expectancies could modulate attentional capture.
As yet, no previous study has directly compared variability or accuracy in explicit and implicit forms of perceptual timing, in which the temporal properties of sensory stimuli are either explicitly timed or are acquired implicitly to establish temporal expectancies.
Implicit perceptual timing was studied using a reaction-time paradigm in which temporal expectancies were established by warning cues that indicated when a subsequent visual target was likely to occur.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com