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Parsimony-based methods cannot truly discriminate between pseudocongruence and true "shared biogeographic history," which implies both topological and temporal congruence between biogeographic patterns (Donoghue and Moore 2003).
One example of arbitrary interactions is the audiovisual stream/bounce illusion [13] [15] whereby the temporal congruence of audiovisual signals alters the perception of the spatial dimension of motion (i.e. motion trajectories).
Using event-related potentials, it has also been shown that while late (more than 100 ms) multisensory effects on visual processing are sensitive to the spatial congruence of the stimuli [45], the earliest (∼50 ms) multisensory effects generally occur irrespective of the stimulus location [27], but are sensitive to temporal congruence [46].
Under apnea, participants achieved temporal congruence between MI and PP only when performing MI of the apnea swimming task.
The temporal congruence between MI and physical performance was first recorded as a reliable marker of MI accuracy [ 36- 38].
Second, it might contribute to improve the ability to achieve temporal congruence between MI and actual performance.
Similar(35)
Two experiments demonstrated that crossmodal interference (i.e., temporal stimulus congruence) was larger for visual stimuli than for auditory stimuli, suggesting auditory dominance when performing temporal judgment tasks.
Our results showed that the repetitive presentation of the visual stimulus in the temporal and spatial congruence with the auditory stimulus can improve the performance for the auditory stimulus presented in isolation.
These neurons are sensitive to temporal and spatial congruence between the auditory and visual signals from a multisensory stimulus – as the two signals are moved further apart in time or space, the responses from these multisensory neurons reduce.
These behavioural observations suggest that the rubber hand illusion is a multisensory illusion and that the key principles determining its elicitation is the temporal and spatial congruence of the visual, tactile and proprioceptive signals in arm-centred reference frames [30], [31].
Although the design of the present study cannot directly address the nature of the underlying neural mechanisms, the pattern of results are consistent with recent research [24], [27], [46] showing that direct cortical connections between primary sensory areas [25] may be sensitive to temporal, but not spatial congruence.
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