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A key difference is that capped templates induce the reverse-transcriptase to extend the first-strand cDNA with cytosines because it reverse-transcribes the cap [ 16- 18], while with non-capped templates, extensions are more rare [ 17], or of a different nature [ 19, 20].
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The structure of a T7 RNA polymerase (T7 RNAP) initiation complex captured transcribing a trinucleotide of RNA from a 17 base pair promoter DNA containing a 5-nucleotide single-strand template extension was determined at a resolution of 2.4 angstroms.
To obtain the expression of isomiRs with non-template extension at 3′ end, we first mapped reads to the respective miRNAs sequences with one mismatch, and then counted reads that were one nucleotide longer than the miRBase sequence but else matched the miRBases sequence perfectly.
A different path was observed for the template extension in binary complex structures with RT[5].
The individual shRNA expression plasmids used as PCR templates were constructed as part of another project using a Phi29 template extension method as previously described [17].
Shotgun template extension products were purified using the CleanSeq dye-terminator removal kit (Agencourt) and amplicon extension products were purified using DyeEx 96 well plates (Qiagen) according to the manufacturer's protocols.
Recent studies have confirmed that RNA editing [36], [37] and non-template extension [26] are common post-transcriptional modifications, and these mechanisms could account for the wide diversity of sequence variations observed in mature EBV miRNA.
Peletskaya et al. [27], [28] showed that a template extension of 5 to 7 nucleotides was required for maximal efficiency of cross-linking between sulfhydryl groups tethered at specific positions in the template strand and cysteine residues introduced into the fingers subdomain of RT.
Boyer and colleagues [16] showed that a template extension of at least 3 to 4 nucleotides was needed to confer sensitivity to dideoxyinosine or dideoxyadenosine triphosphate nucleotides on wild type HIV-1 RT implying that downstream interactions play a role in nucleotide discrimination.
Up to four residues are resolved in a second +1 dNTPRTP/T ternary complex (PDB data bank,1ROA) [Tuske et al., unpublished, discussed in Ref. 28]; however, the path of the template extension differs in this structure from that in the 1RTD structure.
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