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The maximal difference in SCR between the measurements in MNI template space and in OIS was found to be <5%, suggesting that either measurement should be suitable for the quantification of clinical data.
The DARTEL registration involves two transformation matrices when registration is performed between native and standard space: a nonlinear deformation matrix between each participant's diffusion space and a group average template space, and a common linear matrix between the group template space and the MNI template space.
Each of the scans was also individually smoothed with a Gaussian kernel to reduce the impact of misregistration into template space and to improve the signal-to-noise ratio.
Finally, individual parameter maps for each time point were transformed into the overall study template by concatenating the transformations from native space to the subject-specific template space and from subject-specific template space to the overall study template in a single interpolation step (Supplementary Fig. 1).
The connectivity profiles for each SMG ROI are presented in Table 2, with the associated fibre tracts (spatially normalized into MNI template space and combined across the group) projected onto the brain in Figs. 1 and 2. Examination of the left SMG connectivity profiles reveals different patterns of connectivity across the various seed regions, each associated with dissociated dorsal pathways.
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It was then transferred using the concatenated transformation from MNI template space to PET space and projected onto the dynamic 18F-FDDNP PET images at all time frames to derive the volume-averaged reference-tissue TAC.
These 2 linear transformations were then concatenated (GEMS → native space MRI → MNI) to derive a transformation between each subject's native EPI space and the normalized template space.
Each individual image is then mapped to an optimal, dataset-specific shape and appearance template space, derived by a diffeomorphic groupwise normalization method [ 16, 17].
The FSL function Cluster was used to identify peak z statistics and coordinates in neonatal template space for each active region (Table 1).
Third, structural images were corrected for bias field inhomogeneities, registered using linear transformations and segmented into grey matter (GM), white matter (WM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF; MNI template space).
The final stage of our processing involves transferring the normalized data to the standard Montreal Neurological Insititute (MNI) template space for prior-based tissue segmentation, Talairach coordinate localization and statistical analysis.
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