On large, intensively engineered rivers like the Lower Missouri, the template of the physical habitat is determined by the nearly independent interaction of channel form and flow regime.
Among template-guided self-assemblies, use of physical templates, chemical templates and biological templates are three ways to achieve orientation in the growth features.
Use of physical templates gives rise to the growth of nanomaterials at pre-defined position eliminating the need of post-growth manipulation and providing the ease of electrical connections for further characterizations.
Examples of physical templates include holes and trenches that can be fabricated on a substrate surface using lithography and etching/lift-off techniques, surface steps that naturally exist on crystalline metal and semiconductor surfaces, corrugation of substrate surfaces, and channels formed in a microstamp for molecular printings.
In this process, the choice of template dictates certain physical features of the CNT, such as length and outer diameter, while the process itself affects other features, such as tube wall thickness, carbon deposition rate and carbon morphology.
A programmable micro Task Controller (mTC) with a small instruction set and a novel pipelined configuration technique with descriptors as configuration templates allows a dynamic use of physical processing resources.
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes were embedded in a parylene membrane by filtering dispersed carbon nanotube solution through a template of anodic aluminum oxide, following by physical vapor deposition of parylene.
By now, a variety of physical and chemical strategies have been developed for the preparation of polymeric nanocapsules such as template method [10 17], micelle method [18 21], emulsion polymerization [22 24], interfacial polymerization [25 27], and other methods [28 31].
Network analysis reveals how a technological tradition, a set of rules or templates for properly making a particular item by members of a social group, is translated into a set of physical objects.
For example, it provides a template for personal data to be collected from survivors and witnesses, tips on carrying out interviews and gathering testimonies, and guidance on photographing, filming and sketching crime scenes, and on the collection of physical evidence.
