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Judging by sequence identity from all the examined alignment results and CORE index, mammalian P450 CYP3A4 was chosen as the template for secondary structure.
Secondary elements were then assigned using CYP3A4 as the template for secondary structure, based on its known crystal structures and six putative SRSs were identified in the aligned sequences according to Gotoh's predicted models [ 31].
Only when gel isolation of these PCR products of appropriate size range was used as template for secondary nested PCRs were copies of the full-length cob and cox1 genes recovered.
As much as 0.5 μg of total RNA was transcribed with Omniscript reverse transcriptase (Qiagen) and 1/4 of the cDNA was used as template for secondary strand synthesis with primers 07-12-f 07-12-f 07-12-fnerandng 07-13-r 07-13-r 07-13-r bp (recombined) or 686 bp (wt).
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Nanoporous metal oxides are used for corrosion resistance [12, 13], decoration [14], templates for secondary nanomaterial fabrication [15, 16], and corrosion-proofing of a metal [17].
A large number of programs have been developed over the last ten years [41], focusing on issues such as the scoring scheme, the use of templates for secondary structures and computation speed.
RRF-1 amplifies the RNAi response by using the mRNA as a template for producing secondary (2°) siRNAs, which ultimately direct the cleavage of the targeted mRNA by the enzyme, CSR-1 [7].
The resulting PCR mixture is then used as a template for a secondary or "nested" PCR with the nested adaptor primer (AP2, provided by the manufacturer) and the nested gene-specific primer (GWRUT C30gsp2; Table 1).
For singleton validation, the entire gene was amplified directly from the whole genome amplified DNA using iProof high-fidelity DNA Polymerase (BioRad), and this full-length amplicon was then used as a template for a secondary PCR that used internally nested primers to robustly amplify the gene region containing the singleton to be validated.
Basically, the multiplexing strategy consists of a two-stage PCR: (1) first, multiple primer pairs are used to target subsequences within the complete DNA sequence and (2) the amplification product is divided in as many aliquots as the number of primer pairs used in the multiplex PCR and each aliquot serves as template for individual secondary PCR that separately amplify each target.
The first round, 600 bp amplicon, was agarose gel purified using Ultrafree-DNA kit (Millipore) and used as the template for the secondary PCR reaction using the nested primers which amplify a 450 bp region and incorporate SfiI and NotI restriction sites into the 5' and 3' ends, respectively [ 15].
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