As a result, our observations support that shRNAs synthesized from DNA templates can induce robust, lasting and near complete inhibitions of gene expression, suggesting shRNA is more applicable to gene therapy than siRNA [ 27].
In general, 8-oxoG has not been thought to affect replication, but we have found in work with oligonucleotides containing an 8-oxoG that this lesion can induce template switching (Rodriguez et al. 2013).
However, we have recently found (Rodriguez et al. 2013) that 8-oxoG can induce template switching in which the replicating 3′ end invades the sister strand, either by strand invasion or a fork regression, thereby bypassing the damaged base (Li and Heyer 2008).
This model suggested that RT switches templates when it encounters palindrome (hairpin) structures that can induce RT to pause.
Cell-free models of template directed PrPC misfolding (or conversion to PrPSc) have demonstrated that PrPSc can induce a conformational change in PrPC, rendering it protease resistant (referred to as PrPres) [4], [5], [6] and infectious under prescribed conditions [7].
If DNA replication is blocked by inhibitors or the template is damaged by radiation or other factors, signals are generated that can induce cell cycle arrest or apoptosis [ 2, 3].
Ultra-smooth surfaces from template-stripping procedures can be also used for periodic structures preparation [23], which can induce effects of surface plasmon resonance.
Collectively, these studies showed that CNS extracts from αS mice or human brains that are undergoing neurodegeneration can induce pathology in αS overexpressing mice that are inherently primed as internal template but it still remains to be confirmed whether this was due to direct conformational templating by amyloidogenic αS species and subsequent spatial spread.
In this study, we demonstrate that Cas9n can induce precise gene targeting via HR in hESCs with a long DNA donor template.
We also showed a critical role of translesion DNA synthesis in cellular response to arsenite, demonstrating that arsenite can induce single-base substitutions through error-prone DNA synthesis during replication of damaged template strands.
