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First the DNA double-helix unwinds and, similar to DNA replication, a complementary RNA molecule is created from the DNA template, a process called transcription.
Synthesis of RNA is usually catalyzed by an enzyme RNA polymerase using DNA as a template, a process known as transcription.
Repair of a ZFN-induced DSB by HR with an appropriately designed exogenous "donor template" (a process known as ZFN-induced gene targeting) has been used to introduce specific alterations or insertions with high efficiencies at endogenous genes in Drosophila [18], [19], plant [Townsend et al, manuscript submitted], and human cells [23] 26, 43.
First, the RNA polymerase moves forward by one base pair along the DNA template (a process called translocation); thermal energy actually causes the polymerase to oscillate back and forth, so something needs to happen to convert this random motion into motion along the DNA template in the correct direction.
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Donoghue believes the Doushantuo fossils were likely preserved through templating, a process through which bacteria that live in seawater cover the surfaces of a larger dead organism with a layer called a biofilm.
Static templating, a process where precipitating material accumulates on artificial or natural substrata whose shape controls the shape of the precipitating material, is also possible.
Unlike canonical DNA polymerases, these enzymes lack exonucleolytic proofreading activity and have the specialized ability to replicate across damaged DNA templates, a process known as trans-lesion synthesis (TLS) (reviewed by Friedberg et al. 2002).
Cech wanted to know how the genetic code in DNA is copied to an RNA template--a process called transcription--and how certain parts of the code are spliced out.
These RNA strands are initially created using DNA strands as a template in a process called transcription.
Ants are thought to learn the CHC profile of their colony and continuously update their template by a process of habituation, such that novel combinations of CHCs trigger a rejection response [13], [14], [28].
Non-spherical Cu@CuS yolk shell structures are successfully obtained using Cu2O cube templates in a process combining rapid surface sulfidation followed by disproportionation of the Cu2O core upon treatment with a hydrochloric acid solution.
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