In the multiplicity region, the order of net hydrogen yield from high to low is the middle, upper and lower temperature steady states, while the order of reformer exit carbon flow rate from high to low is the lower, middle and upper temperature steady states.
The investigation shows that for highly exothermic reaction it is almost always desirable to operate the reactor at the middle unstable steady state, since it gives higher accumulative yield than both the high and the low temperature steady states.
The characteristics of the five dynamic regimes reported in the literature were numerically explored herein, specifically: (I) low-temperature steady state, (II) oscillatory two-stage ignitions, (III) complex oscillations, (IV) oscillatory cool flames, and (V) high-temperature steady state.
The system can be operated around an unstable steady-state or across a separatrix from a low-temperature point to a high-temperature steady state.
By performing parametric studies with large variations of the creep strengths of the TGO and the TBC, it is shown that a single parameter, which can be motivated by a simple model, can be used to estimate the resulting stresses in the high-temperature steady state.
The positive dependence of XCO2 on temperature results in a down-temperature, steady-state flux of CO2 through a capillary tube that connects the two chambers.
The arrangement and composition of chlorophyll-protein (CP) complexes were examined by mild-denaturing electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), immunodetection and by low-temperature steady-state spectrophotometry.
Transient lightoff experiments indicate that millisecond catalytic partial oxidation reactors can be taken from room temperature to steady state temperature in less than 5 s by using homogeneous combustion to rapidly heat the catalyst.
The pressure loss and temperature dropin steady state were calculated by using homogenous friction model and Sukhof temperature drop theory, respectively.
