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This was followed by 20 cycles at 94°C for 30 s, 60°C for 30 s, and 72°C for 30 s with the annealing temperature decreasing by 0.5°C each cycle to 50°C.
The program had an initial denaturation at 95°C for 10 minutes, followed by 8 cycles at 95°C for 30 seconds, 59°C for 30 seconds, and 72°C for 30 seconds with the annealing temperature decreasing by 1.0°C per cycle.
A two-step touchdown PCR protocol was used, starting with an initial denaturation step at 95°C for 2 minutes, followed by 9 cycles of 95°C for 10 seconds, 60°C for 30 seconds, with the annealing temperature decreasing by 1°C per cycle.
For the RAS genes, DNA was amplified using QIAGEN Taq polymerase as described above, but PCR involved a 'touchdown' thermal cycling routine of two cycles at each annealing temperature, decreasing by steps of 2°C, followed by 25 cycles at the lowest temperature.
A touch down PCR program was used beginning with 5 min at 94°C, followed by 12 cycles of 30 s at 94°C, 60 s at annealing temperature 67°C, 60 s at 72°C with the annealing temperature decreasing by 1°C per cycle, followed by 29 cycles of 30 s at 94°C, 60 s at 55°C, 60 s at 72°C and 10 min at 72°C.
Loci initially showing nonspecific amplification were reamplified using a touchdown PCR program (Table 1; initial denaturation 95°C for 3 min; 10 cycles of 95°C for 30 s, annealing temperature decreasing by 1°C each cycle starting at 63°C for 40 s, and 72°C for 1 min; 25 cycles of 95°C for 30 s, 53°C for 40 s, and 72°C for 1 min; final extension 72°C for 10 min).
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At the same concentration, the onset temperature decreased by 10.4 °C, the endset temperature decreased by 4.7 °C, and the startup heat decreased by 9%%.
At the 1 wt% concentration, the onset temperature decreased by 10.4 °C, the endset temperature decreased by 4.7 °C, and the startup heat decreased by 9%%.
In particular, the onset temperature decreased by adding SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, and SiO2-Al2O3.
If the temperature decreased by 1000 °C, a volume change of only several percent would occur.
This test proved that this film of water could cool the building and showed that the temperature decreased by 30 °C.
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