To further increase the statistical power and resolution, we merged a new temperate maize nested association mapping (NAM) population derived in China (CN-NAM) with the existing maize NAM population developed in the US (US-NAM).
Screening the varieties within temperate japonica showed an association between this allele and levels of shattering but also demonstrated that selection for the qSH1 allele was not as intense nor as expansive as selection for the sh4 allele, as qSH1 is not fixed, even within the temperate japonica subpopulation, let alone the whole of O. sativa.
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L). is one of the most important species for temperate pastoral agriculture, forming associations with genetically diverse groups of mutualistic fungal endophytes.
For example, C. remanei is a temperate species that lives in association with terrestrial isopods and displays ~20-fold more sequence polymorphism than C. elegans (reviewed in Cutter et al. 2013).
Tall fescue and meadow fescue are important as temperate pasture grasses, forming mutualistic associations with asexual Neotyphodium endophytes.
and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds. [syn. Lolium pratense (Huds). Darbysh.]) are two fescue taxa that are particularly important as temperate pasture grasses, and form associations with Neotyphodium endophytes.
Although all of the 34 SNPs with significant associations at 5% FDR had MAFs ≥0.09 for temperate lines (n = 207) of the association panel, 23.5% of these SNPs had MAFs ≤0.05 for tropical lines (n = 45, Figure 2A).
Eight functional markers of three key carotenoid genes PSY1[ 12], lcyE[ 33] and crtRB1[ 34], (previously developed using different association panels of diverse temperate, sub-tropical and/or tropical yellow maize inbred lines), were considered for validation in this study.
A close relative of the garden camellia (Camellia japonica), the tea plant (Camellia sinensis), despite its tropical associations, is a distinctly temperate plant.
Although most mycoheterotrophic orchids occur in the tropics, few studies have been devoted to them, and the main conclusions about their specificity have hitherto been drawn from their association with ectomycorrhizal fungi in temperate regions.
