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Another strategy is to describe processes in terms of human characteristics (anthropomorphisms) or intentional (teleological) behavior, such as explaining the action of antibodies as attacking an invader.
We tend to put "self" in "self-replication" because the individuals that we see struggle so much to ensure their reproduction, and their teleological behavior makes us focus on them as actors, and because they carry in them information needed for their reproduction.
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As such, this behavior is teleological and meaningful; it has a direction.
When reasoning about others' behavior, adults make the teleological assumption that people's actions are directed toward certain goals (e.g., he frequented the gym so that she would notice him; she saves money so that she can retire).
However, teleological explanations are habitually used to explain the behavior of systems to which we cannot easily attribute intention and consciousness.
The causalist about teleological explanation maintains that the goal of the behavior for the agent just is a goal the agent had at the time, one that caused the behavior and, of course, one that caused it in the right way [for criticism, see Sehon 1998, 2005].
Teleological responses do not necessarily involve humanlike, conscious, goal-directed behavior.
Cudworth is certainly aware that the bodies that surround us are active and engage in behaviors that are orderly and (at least apparently) teleological, but none of this is evidence that matter is not dead.
On the one hand, teleological reasoning may preclude any consideration of mechanisms altogether if simply identifying a current function for an organ or behavior is taken as sufficient to explain its existence (e.g., Bishop and Anderson 1990).
In Teleological Realism, Scott Sehon argues that CSP explanations are not causal but teleological that they cite the purpose or goal of the behavior in question rather than an antecedent state that caused the behavior.
Teleological explanations are not restricted to biology but may be given for chemical phenomena, as students may think that the behavior of a system is driven by intrinsic purposes (Talanquer 2007).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com