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The cheek teeth (molars and premolars) became larger and more specialized, especially after elephants started to switch from C3-plants to C4-grasses, which caused their teeth to undergo a three-fold increase in teeth height as well as substantial multiplication of lamellae after about five million years ago.
Specifically, we examined the relationship between tooth-associated loci and eruption of secondary teeth, height, craniofacial size and shape, as well as possible relationships between known height-associated loci and tooth eruption.
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This progression included an increased number of enamel ridges, and increased tooth height.
Tooth height, dip angle of cutting edge, and cutting velocity were chosen as orthogonal test factors.
Cutting velocity exerts the least effect on cutting resistance, followed by tooth height and dip angle of cutting edge.
Tooth surface variations of the generated RA worm gears due to the varying pitch line, pressure angle and tooth height of the hob cutter are also investigated.
In the second treatment, to simulate the forces exerted when the tooth has been driven into the prey, we loaded each tooth to a depth approximately equal to one third of the tooth height.
The optimal combination of key structural parameters of the XSJ joint is taper 1 16, thread pitch 6.55 mm, guiding surface angle 29°, bearing surface angle 28°, and tooth height 3.755 mm.
It is well-known that the thread processing may not be of high precision and accuracy as expected, which is characterised as rough thread surface, non-identical tooth height, toe stripping, and cracks in the surface.
Optimal combination with the least cutting resistance is tooth height of 2.5 mm and dip angle of cutting edge of 40° while the cutting resistance does not vary remarkably with cutting velocity.
The transmission spectra of the gratings show strong rejection bands both at visible (at wavelength region of 450460 nm) and infra-red (at wavelength region of 15301540 nm) regions when a grating period of 68 μm with optimized grating tooth height is considered.
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