Chief among these are tectonics, fluctuations of sea level, the size of the rivers that empty onto a margin as determined by the amount of sediment they carry, and the energy conditions or strength of the ocean waves and currents along the margin.
Landscapes in SE Spain have developed in response to tectonics, climate fluctuations and, more recently, human activity.
Based on the present data, we argue that life history traits (low dispersal capabilities) in combination with historical factors (tectonics, sea level fluctuations) are responsible for the diversification of the study taxon over space and time.
Evolution of the Baiyun canyon system was likely controlled by sediment supply, regional tectonic activity, sea level fluctuations and paleo-ocean current.
The Levant region witnessed dramatic tectonic events and climatic fluctuations that changed the historical landscape of the area and consequently influenced the cladogenesis and distribution of the local biota.
In this region, high rates of denudation during the Late Quaternary are driven by a combination of rapid tectonic uplift, numerous glacial fluctuations and intense weathering driven by an active monsoon climate.
In fact, the complex topography and variety of environments mostly resulting from early tectonic events and climatic fluctuations in the Pleistocene and continuing to the present provide an array of habitats for an Andean herpetofauna that is more diverse than one might expect [36].
The present-day paleotropical distribution of Pseuduvaria may have been achieved by long-distance dispersal, and speciation events might be explained by global climatic oscillations, sea level fluctuations, and tectonic activity.
Vertical changes in A/S ratio were related mostly to fluctuation of tectonic subsidence whereas lateral variations of this ratio between valleys or within them were connected with uneven clastic supply of individual valleys from their source areas.
The depositional architecture and sedimentary evolution from late Pliocene to Quaternary seems to be conditioned by number of submarine feeding sources (canyons), sea-level fluctuations and local tectonic (e.g. margin/canyon-channel gradients, faults).
