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This paper, however, shows that this evidence could be reconciled with scale effects, once technology diffusion from technologically leading countries to followers by foreign direct investment (FDI) is incorporated into a standard model.
These findings suggest concerns over knowledge spillovers are present, especially on the part of technologically leading firms.
Technologically leading countries are the U.S., followed by Germany, Japan, France and the U.K. We argue that intensified global and industry-wide claims for IPR reveal an ongoing patent race with multiple implications for the industry and engineering community.
We further posit that an increasing presence of foreign firms will have a particularly detrimental effect on technologically leading domestic firms, as these lose out in the contest for talent.
Using 5798 observations of R&D laboratories in India during 2003 2011, we find that while technologically leading firms are more likely to close their R&D facilities as the presence of other domestic labs increases, laggards are less likely to do so.
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There is certainly anecdotal evidence that new technologies were leading composers' ears in certain directions, a notable instance being the kinds of sustained chords and terraced delays Mr. Boulez wrote into his Third Piano Sonata in imitation of electronic music whose effects he envied but was technologically unable to create himself.
The New York Stock Exchange promotes itself as "the world's leading and most technologically advanced equities market".
These people then become stalkers or 'creepers.' " Lilly Kantarakias said she believes that the shift to technologically mediated exchanges among students is leading to a "loss of intimacy" and that this failure to engage in human contact is responsible for the rise in all of the "sketchy" talk.
Since the height of the cold war, the military has tended to chase the boldest and most technologically advanced solution to every threat, leading to long delays and cost overruns that result in rarely used fighter jets that cost $143 million apiece, and plans for a $3 billion destroyer that the Navy says it can no longer afford.
Banks said, "It's time to see who's technologically bankable," sounding as if she were leading the charge from the prow of a starship.
China, for example, was for many centuries the leading nation in the world — technologically, organizationally and in many other ways.
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