"Deakin was known to fiddle about with photos using basic overpainting techniques," says Rousseau.
Such techniques, says Mr Thamm, are "the only answer" to jihadist extremists.
Each of these films is very thin, enabling good performance without the need for high-resolution lithography techniques, says Rinzler.
Those firms that do a good job of this have been reluctant to share their techniques, says Mr Reinhard.
"That's one of the downsides of bleeding-edge marketing techniques," says Coulson. "We're always trying to ride a wave of what's happening in social media".
One reason that scientists need to exploit gene-editing techniques, says Wilhelm, is that globalisation and climate change are bringing new diseases to Europe.
The team chose to use tACS because it is better at entraining neurons to fire at specific frequencies than are other stimulation techniques, says Fitzgerald.
"Our books were heavily criticised by the children's critics of the time for their unfashionable lack of imagination and their laboured techniques," says Aitchison.
The performance of devices made using orthogonal lithography is equivalent to organic devices made using other techniques, says Orthogonal CTO John de Franco.
"It pushed the science to try more innovative techniques," says Richard Leary, managing director of the company Forensic Pathways, based in Staffordshire, UK.
The owner, Mark Isreal, and two assistants are constantly tinkering with new recipes or baking techniques, says Krsna C. Salazar, the company's chief operating officer.
