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Two technical disturbances occurred during the process.
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Figure 2 illustrates three representative chemostat cultures (IV – VI), in which instabilities occurred due to a technical disturbance (IV), an unknown effector (V) or a biological factor (VI). Instabilities were detected either as a change in gene expression and in conventionally monitored parameters (IV and VI) or as a change in gene expression only (V).
According to critics of the project, that is a promise that relies on technical definitions of disturbance, but may prove little consolation to neighbourhoods brought under new flight paths.
Airway obstruction may result from altered anatomy following difficult or prolonged intubation [ 3]; inadequate ventilation may be a consequence of deconditioning after prolonged immobility, or an imbalance between the energy supply and demand and technical challenges or physiologic disturbances of varied causation and consequence.
Their relevance is demonstrated whenever handling disturbances in the technical work flow need to be assessed.
The engineering-oriented context consists of undesired technical phenomena such as faults or disturbances and their treatment in the framework of the Technical Failure and Fault Management.
First, the student gave self-reflective feedback including the setting (seating position, distance between student and patient, avoidance of disturbances), and the procedure (technical and communication skills).
The closed-loop stability analysis is presented based on a technical lemma developed for nonlinear cascaded systems with vanishing disturbances.
Thus, the origin of the disturbance could either be strategic, operational or technical.
Narratives are established as an analytical entity to unpack how disturbances at the level of the socio-technical landscape are translated into and contribute to the transformation of socio-technical regimes.
SFA assumes a random disturbance term that is normally distributed and a technical inefficiency term that has a strictly non-negative distribution.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com