Although we cannot rule out technical (antibody-related) issues, further experimental analysis was focused on c-Jun and Jun-D.
PJR, CEH, BK and BC were involved in the supply of antibodies, review of drafts of the manuscript and technical support for antibody use in Western blotting applications.
Even though the presence of RV-specific IgA in stools (coproantibodies) would seem to be a way to measure these antibodies, technical issues and interference by maternal antibodies hamper the measurement of RV-NA or RV-IgA in stool samples.
We thank Isabelle Renault, Manuel Simonutti and Gérald Hugon, respectively for animal care, skillful technical assistance, and antibody raising.
It is important to note that this measure of clustering is unable to quantitatively determine the number of MHC class II molecules clustered primarily because technical limitations with antibody staining preclude a labeling efficiency of 100%.
We are grateful to David Mercati for helping in the preparation of the figures and to Eugenio Paccagnini for technical support during antibody production.
The second limitation is the reliability of IHC techniques, which are highly dependent on a range of variables, such as choice of antibody, technical procedures, interpretation, and stratification criteria.
We thank Y. Zhang and J. Wang for their review and comments on the statistical analysis of this study and S. Owen and A. Dixon for their technical assistance with antibody-related protein engineering.
The authors thank Desirée von Alpen, Johanna Pfitzenmaier, Nanaë Gendre, Wendy Neckameyer, Martin Heisenberg, Bertram Gerber, Hiromu Tanimoto, Frédéric Schütz and Jens Rister for flies, antibodies, technical assistance and comments on the manuscript.
Specimens from 4 (23.5%) of the 17 patients were considered positive by serologic testing for MERS-CoV antibodies (Technical Appendix Table); 3 of the 4 were positive by ELISA (titers of 6,400), immunofluourescence, and microneutralization (titers of 320).
This serotype was also serologically indistinguishable from S. flexneri serotype X variant (SFxv), which was recently reported in China (8 ), because it reacted with MASF B–, MASF 7 8)–, and MASF IV-1 E1037 specific antibodies (Technical Appendix Table 1).
