Around the country, hundreds of entrepreneurs teach versions of etiquette and manners classes, said Elena Neitlich, the founder of Moms On Edge, a company, with offices in Osprey, Fla., that offers online certification for manners teachers through a course called Etiquette Moms, at prices ranging from $250 to $1,250.
"A lot of barre method workouts tout that you don't sweat, for women who want to go to lunch after and not worry about their blowouts," said Ms. Albarelli, a former ballerina who taught versions of the workout at several other studios before creating her own.
Findings in the literature indicate that at least one-third of teachers do not advocate for teaching evolution or advocate for teaching some version of creationism in the classroom.
Overall, in the membranes class session, students asked 27 questions before intervention and 23 questions in the adapted-teaching version.
Consequently, we scrutinized all student questions from the videotapes (made in Spring 2008, before intervention) and from the researchers' journal (in the adapted-teaching version, Spring 2010).
Comparing the achievements of these two groups in the final exam allowed us to compare the traditional-plus-tutorial version with the adapted-teaching version.
However, students who attended class in the adapted-teaching version were taught in a way that shifted from covering the content to emphasizing complex ideas and processes.
With the change the nature of the lectures, the adapted-teaching version became the first step in diverting the responsibility for learning informative content to the students.
Overall, in the adapted-teaching version, in which the instructor attempted to go more deeply into complex ideas and their implications, students asked more sophisticated questions in class.
The adapted-teaching version was the first step in reducing the instructor's responsibility for covering all content and increasing students' responsibility for learning, using the course website as a supportive active-learning tool.
Although this finding might not be statistically rigorous, it supports the initial impression of the instructor, who has taught the course over the past decade, that students ask more in-depth questions in the adapted-teaching version.
