Driver standards managers conducted classes as each thought best, and there were gaps in instruction - most obviously in Mr Hodder's instructor, named only as Adams, not recognising it was part of his job to teach route knowledge.
The report found there were "significant shortcomings" in his training: his instructor did not recognise it was part of his job to teach routes in and out of Paddington and Mr Hodder was not taught to pay particular attention to signals, such as SN109, which had been regularly passed at danger.
The navigation system is based on teaching the routes or route segments, recording the environment model while teaching and using laser scanners to correct the drift of dead reckoning positioning while driving in automatic mode.
There doesn't need to be a Teach First route.
"It sounds arrogant, but it wasn't," says Blumenthal. "I just thought, 'I want to carry on down the teaching-myself route, experimenting.
The inquiry found that new train drivers were not taught the route in and out of Paddington, one of London's busiest stations, and concluded that "the safety culture in regard to training was slack".
It has detailed information on routes into teaching, including postgraduate routes.
There is little reason for the British academic to think that excellence in teaching is a route to professional advancement.
After taking her degree, she decided against teaching, one conventional route for unmarried, educated middle-class women, and instead trained as a nurse; her first three novels, published during the war years, were written during her off-hours from clinics and hospitals.
