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Existing research has shown how epistemic policy instruments impact teachers' autonomy.
However, less attention has been paid to how professional autonomy is informed by teachers' knowledge relations, and to collective, rather than individual, aspects of teachers' autonomy.
The long-awaited draft proposals for the revised primary curriculum have provoked some predictable outcries about a back to the 50s agenda denying teachers autonomy.
The ASIP did increase teachers' autonomy support, as expected, and the two resources that explained this professional developmental achievement were intervention-enabled gains in teaching efficacy and intrinsic instructional goals.
Due to the obligation to focus on raising students' test scores in a fixed teaching schedule, the teachers' autonomy to carry out two-way interactive listening exercises was unfortunately sacrificed.
The increase of education reform initiatives has resulted in work intensification, as can be seen from the multiplication, diversification, and specialization of teachers' tasks and responsibilities, and the heightened controls on teachers' performance (Hargreaves, 1994) which usurp teachers' autonomy (Apple & Beane, 1995).
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This was an era of considerable teacher autonomy and little accountability to parents.
Standardized testing has constrained teacher autonomy and creativity, and charter and private schools have competed more aggressively for government funds.
They focus on teacher autonomy and professionalism, while giving educators specific tools to draw from and adapt to their context.
Reciprocal effects also emerged in that extent of disengagement predicted both longitudinal increases in students' perceptions of teacher control and decreases in perceptions of teacher autonomy support.
Old-style teacher unionism squirrels away teachers' talents by defending individual teacher autonomy and the longevity of experience over research and professional expertise.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com