We focussed on studies with freshly brewed tea or with tea powder that was produced by drying freshly brewed tea, excluding purified or isolated substances from tea.
The baseline survey included a 126-item semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) (Willett et al, 1988), which included the average intake in the past year of the following items: caffeinated coffee; decaffeinated coffee; tea (excluding herbal teas); regular and sugar-free carbonated beverages with caffeine; chocolate; chocolate bars; and brownies.
Correlation analysis (Table 2) showed a significant correlation (p = 0.001) between the total phenolic content and the TEAC values, however this was excluding white tea which was removed from the analysis due to having such considerable activity in the TEAC and having a high gallic acid equivalent.
All food and drink items (excluding coffee, tea, alcoholic drinks, water, added salt, and pepper) were weighed to the nearest 1 g, chopped up and crushed, mixed with a weighed amount of boiling deionized water, and homogenized with a Magimix 5100 automatic food processor, usually for 10 15 min, until a smooth emulsion was obtained.
Hence, LC-MS methods in the past either excluded TEA from Alternaria multi-toxin methods or focused only on TEA and its derivatisation with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) (Lau et al. 2003; Magnani et al. 2007; Asam et al. 2009, 2013; Di Mavungu et al. 2009; Siegel et al. 2010).
Move too early, and they find themselves facing a firing squad, fleeing into exile or, in more sedate countries, being snubbed in the parliamentary tea rooms and excluded from the membership of select committees, with their supposed champion immortalised as the wielder of a banana rather than of power.
To detect whether different assessment ways may bias the results, further subgroup analyses were performed by excluding studies that reported tea consumption by frequency (times/servings) [ 18, 42, 49- 52], weight of tea leaves (grams) [ 11, 27, 33], or volume (mL) [ 53, 54], rather than cups.
Whether or not the Secretary of the Treasury failed to carry into effect the expressed purpose of Congress and established standards which operated to exclude teas which would have been entitled to admission had proper standards been adopted is a question we are not called upon to consider.
Euromonitor's carbonated beverages category is inclusive of all sweetened (both naturally and artificially) non-alcoholic drinks containing carbon dioxide, including all carbonated products containing fruit juice ("sparkling juices"), but excludes tea-based drink, energy drinks and carbonated bottled water.
Coffee and tea consumption did not distinguish between caffeinated or decaffeinated types, but excluded herbal tea.
The number of pharmaceuticals was also analysed without excluding vitamins, dietary supplements, varia, homoeopathic medicines and teas.
