Sentence examples for tbt has been from inspiring English sources

The mechanism by which TBT induces imposex in marine snails is still unknown, although TBT has been shown to inhibit aromatase activity (Bettin et al. 1996).

Over the years TBT has been used for anti-barnacle paint on the hulls of ships, but British and Dutch tests have shown it causes mutations in marine snails, and the World Wildlife Fund wants a global ban.

TBT has been known to produce imposex (a superimposition of male features in females) in marine gastropods through inhibition of aromatase enzyme that converts androgen to estrogen (Sousa et al., 2009; Lima et al., 2011).

Furthermore, exposure to TPT or TBT has been shown to induce imposex, a pseudohermaphroditic condition, in female sea animals (Smith 1996).

Since the 1960s, TBT has been the main active compound in paint used in most countries (Fent 2006 and references therein).

TBT has been used as an antifouling biocide in paint for boats, for wood treatment and preservation, and as a fungicide/bactericide in textile and industrial water systems (Gehring et al. 1991).

Effects of TBT have been investigated in several aquatic organisms, including algae [ 7] and crustaceans [ 8].

Organotin compounds, particularly tributyltin (TBT), have been reported to be strong endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC).

Since the 1960s, organotins, especially triphenyltin (TPT) and tributyltin (TBT), have been extensively used as antifouling boat paints, polyvinyl chloride stabilizers, agricultural pesticides, and industrial catalysts.

In previous studies, alkylated metals such as tributyltin (TBT) have been shown to activate the PPARγ/RXRα heterodimeric complex in murine and human adipose-derived stromal stem cells and in 3T3-L1 cells.

TPT and TBT have been reported to induce apoptosis in various cell systems (Mundy and Freudenrich 2006; Stridh et al. 1999), and some potential targets of organotins include NF-κB (Marinovich et al. 1996) and Bax (Zhu et al. 2007).