Sentence examples for tb defined as from inspiring English sources

To the Editor: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB), defined as TB caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, is threatening global control of TB.

The emergence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB, defined as MDR TB resistant to at least 1 quinolone and 1 of 3 injectable second-line drugs (kanamycin, amikacin, or capreomyin), further jeopardizes TB control and prevention.

Globally, more than 70 countries have reported cases of extremely drug resistant TB (XDR TB), defined as being resistant to at least four of the core anti-TB drugs.

TB: defined as the clinical, bacteriological and/or radiographical manifest disease [ 6, 18, 25].

Analyses of TB diagnosis were restricted to definite TB, defined as a sputum culture positive for M. tuberculosis.

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB), defined as resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin, has emerged as a global public health problem (1 ).

The global expenditure in the diagnosis and treatment of MDR-TB and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB), defined as MDR-TB plus resistance to fluroquinolones and at least one second-line injectable drug, were estimated at 700 million US dollars (USD) for 2009 and the cost of treatment for a MDR-TB case is estimated at 10,000USD versus 100USD for a drug-susceptible TB case [6].

Expanding efforts to treat patients infected with MDR-TB is leading to the generation of extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB, defined as MDR-TB plus resistant to any fluoroquinolone and at least one of three second-line anti-TB injectable drugs).

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 489,000 cases of multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB), defined as infection with a Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strain resistant to at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF), occur annually, predominantly in Eastern Europe and Asia [ 1].

Treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), defined as Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to both isoniazid and rifampicin, is challenging under the best of circumstances, and particularly in resource-limited settings.

XDR-TB, defined as TB that has mutated beyond MDR-TB to be resistant to at least two "second-line" drugs (drugs used to treat TB that's resistant to "first-line drugs"), was first reported in 2008 when it killed 52 out of 53 people infected in a South African hospital.