Besides, Green and Bohannan (2006) demonstrated evidence of taxa-area relationships where community differences did increase with distance.
Another possibility that has been much less explored is reproductive character displacement, also called reinforcement of reproductive barriers, a pattern of greater divergence of a trait between closely related taxa in areas of sympatry than in areas of recent contact following allopatric divergence [87].
Quick biodiversity studies on poorly studied taxa and areas are increasingly popular for setting conservation priorities over a wide range of spatial scales.
We also identified current human threats to diversity using published data on specific taxa and areas of the Mediterranean (File S2) and the opinion of experts.
On the other hand, Loiselle et al. [67] determined that using distribution models that minimise false positives (such as MaxEnt models) for well-known taxa, priority areas highlighted for conservation matched those previously selected by experts in biogeography, ecology, and taxonomy.
Some of these sound-producing species have been found almost by accident (e.g. Lowe & Skelton, 2008), and hence dedicated exploratory monitoring might be useful for some taxa and areas, opening the door to the survey methods reviewed here.
This is of utmost importance for highly threatened taxa inhabiting areas that are experiencing high rates of habitat loss, such as the case with Madagascar's lemur fauna [ 80, 81].
DIVA analyses were performed for inferring: (1) 'center of origin' for New World ariines (unit areas coded as South America/southern Central America, Mesoamerica/North America, Old World); (2) ancestral distribution of basal ariine lineages and widespread Indo-Pacific taxa (unit areas coded as New World, Africa, Madagascar, India-SE Asia, Australia-New Guinea).
The mimetic phenotype is hypothesized to have arisen in the lineage which eventually gave rise to all L. arthemis taxa; in areas where the model, B. philenor was absent, the mimetic phenotype was lost, giving rise to the disruptively colored L. a. arthemis.
This indicates that, contrary to findings in other taxa from areas that were heavily affected by Quaternary glaciations, salamander populations were genetically structured well before the Bay islands were formed during the Holocene, and therefore the observed phylogeographic structure is old, rather than a shallow, transient signal produced by recent stochastic factors [ 39].
We refer to this region as the SH3 binding motif rather than the proline-rich region due to the conservation of the motif across taxa although the area surrounding the motif is not necessarily proline-rich in some nematode taxa.
