With wider recognition from the mid-1980s onWernickeernicke was in demand - and responsible for a taxing quantity of work, especially after the early deaths of Ruth Berghaus and Axel Manthey, another designer/director of much the same age, and, more recently, Gotz Friedrich.
The theoretical notion that price instruments (carbon taxes) and quantity instruments (emissions targets) are equivalent, RFF researchers argue, is true only if the costs and benefits of reducing emissions are pretty certain.
I study whether incomplete enforcement of a regulation has any impact on the choice between price (e.g., taxes) and quantity (e.g., tradeable quotas) instruments.
Recognizing that a government may be tempted to revise its policy design after innovations become available, this note shows how the performance of two policy instruments prices (uniform taxes) and quantities (tradeable pollution permits)—differ in such a setting.
The increase of user costs for road traffic, which was a key element of the integrated transport policy approach, was only partially supported by fiscal policy: The quantity tax on fuel was increased five times between 1999 and 2003 (each time by 3.07 ct/l, i.e. in total by 15.35 ct/l) but is constant since 2003, leading to a real reduction of the tax rate after 2003.
Coal resource tax reform from quantity-based collection to ad valorem collection has been implemented by the Chinese government in December 2014, to develop a low-carbon economy.
This study finds that the importance of the environment to the consumer, marginal emission, and pollution tax will decrease output quantity, consumer and producer surplus and social welfare; however, agricultural subsidy increases them.
It was because it had created an environment where Brits could pay less tax simply because the quantity of money they had was big enough to warrant moving it to Jersey.
It manages to collect only modest quantities of tax revenue.
In this case it would be better to fix a price (ie, a tax) and let the quantities vary.
