Repeated-measures binary logistic regression modeling was used to analyze response probabilities during the taste assays and during both the conditioning and test periods (SAS software, PROC GENMOD).
Importantly, to test whether the observed reducing effects of IL-7 on food intake might rely on visceral illness, we performed a taste aversion assay comparing the effects of IL-7 on sucrose consumption to lithium chloride (LiCl) effects, as previously described [27].
Electrophysiological measurement after taste challenge assays increase in action potential response to one or another of the five basic tastes.
We developed a novel system for quantitatively assaying taste preference aversion in medaka fish.
These data suggested that input for both positional aversion and egg-laying attraction to lobeline is received by the gustatory system, which is supported by previous studies where lobeline was aversive in other taste-based behavioral assays (Marella et al. 2006; Sellier et al. 2011; Weiss et al. 2011).
To control for this possibility, we used whole cell voltage-clamp recording of T1R3-GFP labeled taste cells as an additional assay for the presence of VGCCs.
Further studies have shown that taste-evoked ATP release is dependent on intracellular Ca2+ and the transduction channel TrpM5 [ 12], and that ATP released from single Type II taste cells (measured by luciferin/luciferase assay) is directly proportional to the number of action potentials evoked by taste stimulation [ 13].
A large number of T2Rs have been shown to function as bitter taste receptors in heterologous expression assays, and several have distinctive polymorphisms that are associated with significant variations in sensitivity to selective bitter tastants in mice, chimpanzees, and humans.
Electrophysiological assays are likely to be able to detect even small differences in taste or olfactory sensitivity, while behavioral assays might require more robust knockdown.
In particular, the development of a quantitative assay system for evaluating taste preference aversion behavior in small fish species is required.
